There’s a nice number of writing pens these days. There are rollerball pens, fountain pens, reed pens, quill pens, ballpoint pen, dip pens, gel pens, antler ballpoint pens, and so on. Among the many most distinguished pens producers are Parker Pens, Mont Blanc Pens, Waterman Pens, Bic Pens, Cross Pens and plenty of others. This outstanding writing instrument, with the assistance of which you’ll be able to go away an ink hint on a paper floor, is an indispensable a part of our life. In truth, it’s an indispensable a part of human tradition.
The historical past of writing pens begins from the traditional instances, roughly from 12 months 3000 B.C. They had been lower out from stalks of reed. The English phrase “pen” (a writing feather) got here from latin “penna” that means “feather of a chicken”. It occurred due to the good recognition of goose feathers, which had been turned on the root. Since VI century B.C. chicken feathers have been extensively utilized by many civilizations. The most effective samples had been made of massive feathers of swans, turkey-cocks and geese. Archaeological finds in ruins Pompeii embody bronze variants of writing pens, nonetheless they’ve obtained large distribution solely by the top of XVIII century. After a century pens with a capillary system, or just fountain pens, had been invented by L.E. Waterman, a New York vendor of writing items. Laszlo Biro, making an allowance for the final strategies of producing of ball-bearings for machines and weapons, added the ball mechanism to capillaries and offered the ballpoint pen to the world in 1944. The Tokyo stationery agency Pentel turned the primary to current the felt-tip pen to the world in 1960.
The timeroad of writing pens historical past is about 6000 years lengthy. Listed below are the principle milestones on it:
About 3000-4000 years B.C. The traditional man scratched a humid clay plate with a bronze or bone stick.
About 3000 years B.C. Egyptians began to make use of pictures of their compositions. Skinny reed brushes or feathers had been used to make inscriptions on rolls of papyrus.
1300 B.C. Romans used metallic pens to jot down on skinny sheets of wax placed on wood bars. Writings had been erased by the opposite finish of the pen.
Center Ages. Anglo-Saxons started to make use of bars crammed with wax aside from parchment. They wrote with metallic or bone pens, one finish of which was sharpened and the opposite was used for deleting.
600-1800 A.D. Europeans discovered that using sharpened pens modified the fashion of writing (handwriting). First they used solely capital letters, however in a while they started to make use of small letters to extend velocity of writing. Quill pen (goose feather) that for the primary time appeared in Seville, Spain, was used as a writing instrument from 600 to 1800 A.D.
1790ies. Independently the slate pencil was invented in France and Australia.
1800-1850ies. The metallic fountain pen was patented in 1803, however the patent was not utilized in industrial functions. Metal pens had been extensively adopted in 1830ies. In nineteenth century metallic pens utterly changed pens from goose feathers. In 1850 using quill pens appreciably decreased, as high quality of metal pens received greater: their ideas had been manufactured from heavy alloys with addition of iridium, rhodium, and osmium.
Lewis Edson Waterman, an insurance coverage agent, invented the primary fountain pen in 1844.
1888-1916
Invention the ballpoint pen is formally dated to the top of the 19-th century. In 1888 John Loud took out a patent, in 1916 – Van Vechten Reisberg. In contrast to different patents these had been utilized in industrial functions.
Invention of the fashionable ball pen is attributed to Laszlo Biro and George Biro. In summer season 1943 the primary industrial copies had been manufactured. Patent rights had been purchased by the British Parliament. Ballpoint pens had been utilized by militarians through the second world struggle as they had been extra handy and dependable than quill pens.
In 1940ies ballpoint pens appeared in the marketplace of the USA. They had been bought as the primary Plantable pens which wrote underwater. Ballpoints had been an amazing success. In one of many massive retailer departments in New York greater than 10,000 ballpoint pens had been bought throughout a lunch on October, 29 1945.
In 1953 the primary cheap ball pens appeared, when French baron Bich of BIC Co, engaged in manufacturing of ballpoint pens, managed to enhance the technological course of and lowered significantly manufacturing bills. Bic pens had been very low-cost and shortly turned extraordinarily widespread.
In 1960 the felt-tip pen was invented in Japan. Quickly felt-tip pens appeared on the American market and grasped it.
Rollerball pens appeared to start with of 1980ies. They’d a transferring ball and will use liquid ink that allowed to jot down smoother line on paper. Technological progress of the top of 1980ies – the beginnings of 1990ies significantly improved rollerballs in all parameters.
In 1990ies pens with a rubberized floor that diminished urgent on the pen got here into use and had been extensively adopted.
In 1997 mass manufacturing of RingPens was began. These pens had been developed to jot down with out urgent three fingers on it whereas writing.
Technological progress does not stand nonetheless. And who is aware of what sort of pens we’ll write with in a decade, a century, a millennium…